Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *kúra(mV)

Meaning: sheath, basket

Russian meaning: ножны, корзина

Turkic: *Kurman, *Kurug-luk

Mongolian: *kor, *korum-

Tungus-Manchu: *kor-, *kormaki

Japanese: *kátáma

Comments: KW 186. Cf. MKor. kàrm- (Whitman kălm-, SKE ka̯m-) 'to hide, put away'? Cf. also *k`ùre 'basket' - with a possibility of contaminations in Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *kure

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to run, quick

Russian meaning: бежать, быстрый

Turkic: *Küre-

Mongolian: *kur(u)-

Tungus-Manchu: *kora-

Korean: *kɨrk-

Comments: SKE 115. The Korean root is attested only there, thus not very reliable (and the vocalic reflex is dubious).

Proto-Altaic: *kuri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wattle, fence, enclosure, building

Russian meaning: плетень, забор, огороженное место, постройка

Turkic: *Kur-

Mongolian: *kürijen

Tungus-Manchu: *kori

Japanese: *kuru-wa

Comments: KW 187, SKE 125, Poppe 88, TMN 1, 434. The root is actively contaminating with *k`ṓra q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *kúro(mV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of clothes

Russian meaning: вид одежды

Turkic: *Kur

Mongolian: *kormaj

Tungus-Manchu: *kurumV

Korean: *korɨm

Japanese: *kǝ́rǝ́mǝ́

Comments: Poppe 1950, 576. A common Altaic cultural term.

Proto-Altaic: *kusu ( ~ k`-, -o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of grass

Russian meaning: вид травы

Mongolian: *kosi-

Korean: *kòsàrí

Japanese: *kùsà

Comments: Accent correspondence is irregular. Cf. also OJ kùsúri 'medicine'. Cf. perhaps also Chuv. ku(r)žanak ( < *kösinek) 'agrimony, bur'.

Proto-Altaic: *kùši ( ~ -o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to rot

Russian meaning: гнить

Tungus-Manchu: *kušu

Korean: *kùsɨ̀-

Japanese: *kùsà-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss; but cf. also WMong. kösür-sün (Kalm. kösrsn) 'dung' = OJ kùswò id.; WMong. kusam 'sediment in a pot after boiling milk' (MGCD 392); Yak. kuha-ɣan, Dolg. kuha-gan 'bad' (Stachowski 159). Kor. has a usual verbal low tone.

Proto-Altaic: *kušu

Meaning: nut

Russian meaning: орех

Turkic: *Kusɨk

Mongolian: *kusiga

Tungus-Manchu: *košikta

Japanese: *kusi

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 17, Дыбо 14, ЭСТЯ 6, 23-24 (with some confusion of this root and *k`usa q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *kušV

Meaning: intestine

Russian meaning: кишка

Mongolian: *kos, *koskinag

Tungus-Manchu: *kuči ( ~ -š-)

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kùt`á

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: fortune

Russian meaning: судьба, счастье

Turkic: *Kut

Mongolian: *kutug

Tungus-Manchu: *kutu-ri

Japanese: *kàntuá

Comments: EAS 142, Poppe 18, 50. Mong. is not < Turk., despite TMN 3, 553, Щербак 1997, 143.

Proto-Altaic: *kut`i ( ~ -t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bog, marsh

Russian meaning: болото

Turkic: *Küte(re)

Tungus-Manchu: *kuta

Japanese: *kutai

Comments: The root is not very widely spread, but seems both phonetically and semantically plausible.

Proto-Altaic: *kùǯi ( ~ *kòǯe)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: neck, collar

Russian meaning: шея, воротник

Mongolian: *küǯüɣün

Tungus-Manchu: *kuǯu- / *kuǯi-

Korean: *kíč

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 294. In Kor. one has to assume a secondary fronting kič < *kɨč; otherwise the correspondences are regular.

Proto-Altaic: *kūči

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: power

Russian meaning: сила

Turkic: *gǖč

Mongolian: *küči-n

Tungus-Manchu: *kusǖ-

Korean: *kóčắk

Comments: EAS 96, KW 249, Владимирцов 165, Poppe 63, 112, АПиПЯЯ 16. High tone in Kor. is not clear. Despite TMN 3, 627, Щербак 1997, 128, Mong. is hardly borrowed from Turkic; TM cannot be borrowed from Mong., despite Rozycki 113. In АПиПЯЯ (p. 77) the root was compared with PJ *kìsV- 'to contest'. The latter, however, has better Tungus parallels: TM *gali- 'to contest' (ТМС 1, 138), see *gaĺi.

Proto-Altaic: *kū́či ( ~ k`-, g-, -č`-, -o, -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hold in arms

Russian meaning: держать в руках

Turkic: *Kūč-

Korean: *kòč-

Comments: A Turk.-Kor. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kū̀gù

Meaning: swan

Russian meaning: лебедь

Turkic: *Kugu

Tungus-Manchu: *kūku

Korean: *kòhài

Japanese: *kùkùpí

Comments: Дыбо 9, Лексика 172, Whitman 1985, 183, 222. Kor. has an irregular low tone. The root is onomatopeic and the medial consonant behaves irregularly in TM (various assimilations are attested). In Turkic the root could additionally contaminate with *ki̯òpù q. v. The Altaic antiquity is, however, beyond doubt.

Proto-Altaic: *kū̀lV

Meaning: servant, slave

Russian meaning: слуга, раб

Turkic: *Kul

Tungus-Manchu: *kēlu-me ( < *kūle-me ?)

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. Cf. also Kalm. keln, WMong. kele 'slave' (if not == "tongue").

Proto-Altaic: *kū́ŕe ( ~ -i)

Meaning: autumn; rain, storm

Russian meaning: осень; дождь, буря

Turkic: *gǖŕ

Mongolian: *kura

Tungus-Manchu: *kure-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 294 (although Jpn. *kǝti is probably to be separated, see *k`ĕdò), Лексика 75. A Western isogloss. The comparison seems quite plausible, although it seems not to have been proposed earlier. The Korean form, compared in SKE 118 with Turk. *gǖŕ (kɨru '2-d harvest in one year') is late attested and probably = kɨru, MKor. kɨ̀rɨ̀h 'stubble'. {Cf. PE *ukju[r] 'winter, autumn, year}.

Proto-Altaic: *kū̀rV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to cut out, sharp

Russian meaning: вырезать, острый

Turkic: *Kurč

Mongolian: *kurča

Tungus-Manchu: *kōri-

Comments: KW 199. A Western isogloss. Doerfer (TMN 3, 441) (and Clark 1980, 43) regard Mong. as borrowed from Turk. (saying that the original meaning in Turkic is 'steel' - which is not the case, see EDT 647). On a possible Jpn. reflex see under *k`[ŭ]ri. {ND 1154 gives WMo kürü- 'sharpen an arrow'.}

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăbo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to deceive

Russian meaning: обманывать

Turkic: *Kob-

Mongolian: *kaɣur-

Tungus-Manchu: *xab-

Korean: *kǝ̄-

Comments: The vowel *-ǝ̄- in Kor. must be due to contraction.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăču

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to run, drive

Russian meaning: бежать, гнать

Turkic: *KAč-

Mongolian: *kočur-

Tungus-Manchu: *xasa-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 16; Цинциус 1984, 88-89. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ač`e

Meaning: kind, sort

Russian meaning: вид, разновидность

Tungus-Manchu: *xačin

Korean: *kàčí

Japanese: *kǝ̀tǝ̀

Comments: SKE 101, Lee 1958, 112. An Eastern isogloss. The Jpn. *kǝ̀tǝ̀ seems a good match, but within Japanese it is rather hard to separate from the homonymous *kǝ̀tǝ̀ 'word, speech' (see *gĕ̀rè(bV)). This is probably a secondary merger, but responsible for the irregular accent correspondence between Kor. and Jpn.